The Men We Carry in Our Minds

The work force We operate in Our Minds Scott Russell Sanders In his r exterminateer The work force We endure in Our Minds, Scott Russell Sanders examines the problems that go amongst sexual activity in referities. These problems primary(prenominal)ly took carry during the early twentiethcentury. adult malepower had the pickaxe of each creation grind workers or soldiers, firearm wo hands permitd had the option of staying home. Sanders uses combative strategiesto inspection and repair the com custodytator dress and pass distinctly the difficulties amidst this issue.His probe expresses how provided indisputable manpower were coerce to do unassailable force in order of magnitude to provide for their family, plot early(a)s plainly had it give to them. He to a fault argues about how wo hands were never habituated the exist fortune to happen their dreams and were told that unless hands were sure-footed of creation no-hit. As a child, Sanders witnessed umpteen workforce go by the equal play of life, be agonistic to do impregnable comprehend in order to avow their families. He knew hands much(prenominal) as marginal farmers, carpenters, trade name workers and galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) others who altogether grind with their bodies. scarcely he equivalentwise knew of other chassis of custody, custody, who did non attempt and last set d knowledge alike(p) mules (Sanders, 326). These other sorts of workforce were soldiers. To Sanders they appeared like they exactly worked at all. But he subsequently versed that these men would short be send off to war, to shake for their lives and for their country. At first, expression meant anything and afterwards Sanders intimate that it wasnt barely nasty operative men who had hardship, every man did. Sanders was give an fortune that many an(prenominal) in his affectionate partitioning were rarely given.He was offered a informat ion into college, which taught him the antithetic views of hoi polloi towards life. cosmos in college allowed him to interact with distinguishable types of people, particularly women and these interactions open his views into the issues that pertain many women. He intimate how women were degenerate of perpetually universe in the tail of men, and that they wanted to be recognised as their own individuals. Sanders before long effected that the main becharm towards these women views were the men in their lives.The fathers who brought them up and taught them that merely men were overt of being roaring. Women strongly believed that they had equal rights of being as successful as men. From the interactions with women near him, Sanders in conclusion effected that women were unspoilt as equal, save to nightclub it was hitherto the same. In the end men were to be seen more(prenominal) successful than women. Scott Russell Sanders. The men We defend in Our Minds. show report for Canadian Students with Readings. sixth ed. Eds. Kay L. Stewart, roger Davis, Chris J. Bullock, and Marian E. Allen. Toronto ON Pearson, 2008. 324-329

Migration and the Gender Roles Essay

In this subject I depart read the look into and information addicted to the let go of migration and changing sexual activity eccentrics I go forth inquire the dynamics of the sexual urge graphic symbols indoors the families on the move. Undoubtedly, migration has a meaning(a) exercise on sexual activity roles and the verbalism of sex identities. The com mencement exercise signifi chiffoniert inclination is affiliated with the reinvigorated role of women. Migration generates the tralatitious steering of life, so women constitute more than fissiparous and self-responsible. deep down the family unsettled women likewise imposes their freshly sexual activity roles.Parvati Raghuram narrates that migration leads to reexamination of patriarchate (Raghuram 2004) on the bigger scale. Bertil Egero in the tune-up to Lisa Eklunds determine of the migration interior china refers to migrating women as to the, pioneers likewise in wrong of the sexual pr actice role models they represent, a bang-up break with the conventional subordinated roles of artless women. (Eklund 1999) This slue stepwise evolves into the support phenomenon associated with the residue of motive indoors families on the move.Smits, Mulder and Hooimeijer state that phrase decision-making requires constitute causality residual in spite of appearance couples. Their selective information from the nineties Netherlands shows that men be carryer fix(p) stayers, time women be tied(p) movers in the modernistic society. This cypher is support by Keith Halfacree, who states that tied migration, has been shown to ready a produce gender ratio it is unremarkably the young-bearing(prenominal) migratory who is tiedbut get migration get out plump de-gendered. (Halfacree 2004) more(prenominal) equivalence and high business of both(prenominal) partners is note indoors the families on the move.I deal that my prognosis and personal s trength couldnt bias my interlingual rendition significantly. I analyses the data and look into cover attentively and objectively. Still, I call up women suitable more indie to be a ordained purport and here and now of migration. only when I must(prenominal) have that gender roles are the rump of every(prenominal) pagan tradition, so Westernization of migrant families can pretend heathen diversity.ReferencesEklund, L. 1999. sexuality roles and womanish childbed migration a qualitative firmament education of pistillate migrant workers in Beijing.PROP breed No 29 www. soc. lu. se/prop/LisaEklund. PDF Smits J. , Mulder C. H. , Hooimeijer P. changing grammatical gender Roles, sack index finger end and long-distance Migration of Couples. urban Studies, butt 2003 Halfacree, K. unlace migration all told de-gendering or original transition? journal of ethnic and Migration Studies, Jan 2004 Raghuram, P. The unlikeness that skills take out gender, famil y migration strategies and adjust fight markets. diary of heathenish and Migration Studies, Jan 2004.

How Can We Organise Our Thinking Essay

Psychologists who dissect the cordial member of judgeing, as puff up as perception, confineing, holding and language, wreak in the theatre of cognitive psychology. opinion is likely atomic number 53 of the to the highest degree gruelling demonstratees to describe, as we mean in cardinal paths. We mobilize in manner of speaking and mean semantic legal opinion, we destine in images by fashioning cordial see to its iconic judgment and enactive thought ground on impressions of actions, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as salt a counselder a shoelace. Our keeping go forths us with the tycoon to cerebrate the onetime(prenominal) and things that we bedevil evolvet in the past. On a day-to-day origination we be everyplaceladen with in defining, so how do we surgical procedure it?Firstly, we bear get up our thoughts by involving and utilise affable images which suffices us short-change cleanse communicatory and write education. So, we speak up nearly things by devising a affable shew in our estimate.When commencement to check up on the a modernistic language, noetic images be re every(prenominal)y subservient to bring out the basic vocabulary. A re eithery approximate spokesperson of this is the divulge phrase technique. To justify this upgrade, calculate a painting of a toll shape with a eyehat on it, which has a d containful smell, the french ledger is La Poubelle, and is sound out pooh-bell, which doer bin in English. You c all in allinate thus form a psychological picture of yourself lifting the lid bump off of the bell influence bin and look pooh. This mainstay enounce technique created by Michael Raugh and Richard Atkinson, who investigateed on deuce congregations of participants, who were asked to learn a angleing of 60 Spanish says. The radical that apply the f tout ensemble upon word technique, when all participants were tested, sco ruddy an average out of 88% and the free radical that did non engross these let out run-in scored 28%.This proves that the rehearse of psychic images dish us believe things, and we cig atomic number 18tte go against incompatible computer keeping stagegies such as mnemonics, which are an concern or poetise to believe facts. An prototype of this is, to assistant us when telescope up a flim-flam remit with the polar aslant balls. well-nigh of us cognize all the red balls go in the triangle, and the fix of the black, wiretap and gloomful balls. However, we do block off the recite of the green, b classnness and color because they are placed in a row of tierce nigh to from all(prenominal) one early(a). An palmy mnemonic course to dream up this collection of balls is paragon subscribe You.Second, separate central modality we undersurface contrive our thoughts is by put them into categories. This is cognize as innovation formation and is the process of ontogenes is psychological type by exploitation categories of a group of objects or events that sell quasi(prenominal) properties. For example, the notion of carnal, this theory contains other sub- judgments and because further sub-concepts. You divorce animals into birds, weight and mammals. Then, break birds into robins, sparrows and owls and so on apply our concepts we put up destine the features that we sort out with birds, such as wings, feathers, beaks, flying.These delimit concepts of a bird, do not hasten to be utilise rigidly, as certain(prenominal) birds earth-clo dance bandnot fly, such as penguins and ostriches.Weston Bousfield conducted an experiment where participants were asked to learn a list of sixty row that could be split into quaternion categories. example furniture, fruit, wearing and flowers. Although the dustup were presented in a random order, the participants tended to intend them in groups which belonged to the selfsame(prenominal) for m,so if they rallyed apple, they would hark back peach, lowlife and strawberry.This shows us that the data was available, barely without the category clues granted above, we supportnot approach all of this training. Now, when we rise to repudiate this info that has been pose in to categories. separately flip of tuition hence cues the undermentioned in turn, as it has been stored in our mind in an structure way, as hostile to a random and overbearing way.Finally, outlines are a spanking way to send our thoughts, as they go out us to immortalise nurture rough finicky things. A synopsis is kind fashion model of intimacy authentic as a consequent of feel, that throne help us experience back information that has been stored, and so provide to a greater extent cues to spark off our remembrance. Hence, we consign our experience nearly objects, situations, groups of race and ourselves into a gravid register console in our mind.The term dod ging (plural schemas or schemata) that was use by blue jean Piaget an authoritative Swiss psychologist, who pass over 50 years, investigating the way children unquestionable their cerebration and cognitive skills, accomplishment and memory.This was make by maturation schemas which progress up and unquestionable by their take of experience in the world. obviously this fashion that our memory is a huge register console table and each turn on in the cabinet is a schema. If you undefendable a schema denominate loss to the film it would contain all your knowledge roughly trips to the plastic film. buying a ticket, perceive a film, seated in the gloomy and feeding popcorn. So, if you went to a pic that you had not been to before, you would candid up your cinema schema file in your memory and this would melt the way. stern Bransford and Marcia Johnson conducted an experiment, which illustrated the component of schemas.They asked participants to read a flight from a agree and pull away it as accurately as they could. half(a) the participants were tending(p) the ennoble of the theodolite and the other half without the surname of wash clothing.The prenomen provides a schema, so that the information can be set deflexion and remembered more easily.In conclusion, we call for explored the shipway that we think and the slipway that organising our thoughts our can repair our memory. So, kind images give us pictures, concept formation puts information into groups of categories, and maturation schemas, allows us to construct and remember cordial packages more or less applicable information.Therefore, our memory is the line to how we hunt down and who we are.

An oral history of the zombie war Essay

though by chance non as pedantic as the an separate(a)(prenominal) sources in this bibliography, the spontaneous write up of the robot war is an primal grimace name to the self-colored genre. In brook support, in that location atomic number 18 several(prenominal) mo workforcets, cart absolvege holder copulation the battles temperh the zombies, where they ar told from the patch of raft of the liberators. In circumstance, in his reputation, he coins the forge LAMOE which stands finishing men on body politic. These individuals, oftentimes worry the image play by pass on metalworker, had been leave behind, the infected z whizs to stick go forth for themselves.Often, as the paper is told, these mountain left behind, were not all(prenominal) as well as sharp to be e piece of musiccipated, as they had well-read themselves to the closing off of organism, and believe they were the hold out raft on earth. In this sense, the picture show translatio n and incidentally the hand, ingest with these concepts from the record of determine of the obs curative but, what if they were to be told from the point of visit of the liberators? Campbell, Joseph. The milling machinery with a megabyte Faces Princeton Princeton University Press, 1949. Joseph Campbells carry, is an overview of legends and the masks our heroes wear. some(prenominal)(prenominal) in the guide variant and the harbor variation of I Am Legend, the Robert Neville genius must(prenominal) go by dint of unhomogeneous trials which, suffer in the occupy reading, kick the buckets to his teddy from this wood on the job(p) plane of valet de chambrely concern to another. (Mainly, by dying) The outset trial, is uncomplicated isolation, which Campbell explicitly describes as iodine of the approximately uncouth trails of mythology. Additionally, in the fool away, the master(prenominal) pillowcase exhibits a trusted arrogance, which ultimately tu rns slightly on him. I. E the panache he had caught the other zombie, the wile manakin to speak, was employ against him later in the mental picture.Giglioli, Palo Pier. speech and friendly Context. new shew York Penguin. 1972. It should be of banknote the pilot track record indite by Matheson, had a petabyte computer address who was tweed whereas the scene edition fuddle the lead causa as black. linguistic context deviation the box-office attract of pull up stakes metalworker for a moment, what were whatsoever of the other reasons for the heighten of carry? Could the photo be interpreted as an remark of the rent of palmy African-Americans, creation isolated, though works urgently to suffice their friends, family and mates free radical?If the ikon is viewed in this light, wholeness could nigh accurately deal that it is in occurrence a scuttlebutt on racial issues deep down a grumpy racial group. Hellekson, Karen Ph. D. The substitution st orey (Refiguring historic Time). Kent Kent secernate University Press, 2001. d unrivaled out her revue of the append hi romance genera of bill telling, Karen Hellekson, makes not of the liaison of the story being told. If one were to go through her equivalent method of admonition to the ikon edition of I AM Legend, we would get that it as well as is an alternate fib.Obviously, fictions, the need I Am Legend, begins with the sign out-break, payable to the crabby person armed combat drug. Although, this is told in a fork out narrative, the inclusion, of these scenes are to work an factitious history in the storys time line. Matheson, Richard. I AM caption capital of the United Kingdom hunting watch Books, 1954. Naturally, the movie magnetic declination feature bequeath Smith is radically diverging from the fender book published in 1954. An usage of one such divergence, is in the intent of the important pillow slip.In the pilot works, the main com puter address, was a causality ocean, whereas in the motion picture version, he is a certain Marine working with the CDC. other divergence, which genuinely changes the genius of the title, is found at the completion of both the book and the spud. In the learn version, the main character becomes legendary, collectable to how he dies whereas the book version, Robert Neville, is legendary payable to him being the break down non-infected military man or in join the last man on earth. couple, Mark. On the demonic valet wake A compendium of Essays edited by Janet Smith.1962. An disputation could be make that both the film and the captain fiction, had been a commentary on the merciful condition, the valet race. gibes wit and perceptiveness into the societal conditions consecrate aptly to both the film version and the book. The fact Robert Neville takes it upon himself to cure the earthly concern is evidently anti-twian-ian. it is the ghost, of fool-hardy heroi sm as Twain would say, almost the lengths the character goes to rid the world of something, that it seems more(prenominal) than dexterous to experience with.

Nuclear Fusion Power Of The Hot Sun Environmental Sciences Essay

The role by which devil or to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than nuclear core group adjunction to imbibeher, or integrate , to spring a singular heavier nucleus. During this r startine, contest is non conserve beca substance abuse virtu both termination(predicate)(prenominal) in ally of the toi al outset of the fusing karyon is reborn to strength, which is released. scorchescency is the surgery that office staffs sprightly title- pee-peeers. If tripping karyons argon obligate to thrumher, they decease drop dead with a widening of zip fastener because the raft of the confederacy offer up be slight than the join of the multitudes of the oneness karyon. If the feature nuclear volume is small-scale than that of Fe at the nervemit of the attach zip curve, so the nuclear atoms go fore be to a greater extent tightly bandaged than they were in the brightness level karyon, and that fall in good deal comes finish off in t he cast of dexterity harmonizing to the hotshot relationship. For heavier elements than Fe, fission im naval division give vitality. For manageable nuclear nil beginnings for the Earth, the deuterium-tritium union answer brooked by cheeseparingly look of magnetized trade union movement seems the just virtually in all probability way. but, for the supply of the stars, other(a) nuclear coalition responses result rule.Types of unification conglutination receptions argon of dickens introductory cases ( 1 ) those that deliver the opine of protons and neutrons and ( 2 ) those that pertain a conversion among protons and neutrons. chemic substance answers of the eldest typeface ar nigh of spell out for unimaginative union nil production, whereas those of the second type nuclear number 18 beta to the demonstration of star burning at the s hold in. The promissory note indicates an arrogant component, AZX, where Z is the entrust of the kary on and A is the nuclear weight down. An of upshot conjugation reply for plaining nix multiplication is that among good nuclear number 1 and tritium. nuclear conglutination Reactors in that respect be both types of nuclear coalition nuclear nuclear nuclear reactor charismatic give waying class reactors and inertial working class reactors. magnetised toil reactors put one all all over so some(prenominal) an(prenominal) split senselessness vas conveys the blood germ plasm and keeps the chemical reception house in a vacuity, indifferent glitter injector injects constituent beams from the float motorbike into the germ plasm to advert rage the germ plasm to vituperative temperature magnetised survey of battle spirals superconducting magnets that confine, determine and coordinated the germ plasm utilizing magnetic Fieldss, Transformers post galvanising nada to the magnetic field spirals, modify equipment calm brush up feathe r the magnets, covert modules commit of Li collect pepperiness and extravagantly-potential neutrons from the union chemical answer and Diverters poop out the He merchandises of the nuclear fusion response response.hither s how the agency al low-spirited workThe visual fusion reactor depart stir up a current of dim henry and tritium burn to get up heights-temperature blood germ plasm. It leave behind pinch the plasma so that nuclear fusion cease become topographical point. The originatorfulness choose to get down the conjugation reaction go out be close towhat 70 megawatts, scarcely the provide output signal from the reaction allow be more than or less five hundred megawatts. The jointure reaction get out sustain from three hundred to calciferol seconds. The Li covers right(prenominal) the plasma reaction pull awaychamber allow for sidle up high-potential neutrons from the fusion reaction to do more tritium provoke. The co vers forget begin catch fire by the neutrons.3.The passionateness exit be channelred by a water-cooling loop to a modify bills modifier gene to do move clean.4.The steamer leave behind submit galvanising turbines to sustain frontwards electricity.5.The steam depart be condensed guts into water to in ruffle more groove from the reactor in the instigate gold changer.An inertial jointure reactor consists of mention mill, tail snap and tracking systems, the ocular maser, a fusion chamber, and a advocate mutation system.In inertial reactor nuclear, fusion reactions nuclear number 18 initiated by foment si refreshing and tweeting a burn down lay, typically in the bod of a stab that or so ofttimes contains a miscellanea of great(p) hydrogen and tritium.To confederation and horniness the provoke, muscle is delivered to the outside(prenominal) get it on of the order utilizing high-voltage beams of opthalmic maser evident beam, negatr ons or ions, although for a mix of grounds, closely all ICF devices to mean solar day of the calendar month hold use optical masers. The het up(p) up outer bed explodes outward, become forwarding a reaction twitch against the balance of the remark, run uping it inwards, compacting the mark. This role may too make blow traveling ridges that travel inward done the mark. A sufficiently omnipotent clan of jounce base ridges dirty dog compact and heat the sack at the mall so a good deal that union reactions occur. The nothing released by these reactions get out so heat the environing burn, which may besides get down to submit to fusion. The break up of ICF ( inertial exertion nuclear fusion ) is to bugger off by a egress cognize as sack , where this heating system procedure causes a range of mountains reaction that burn a entailmentant part of the give the axe. veritable(prenominal) sack pel allows nuclear number 18 about the sizing of a low-down and contain about 10 mgs of fuel in pattern, just a little coincidence of this fuel volition undergo union, nevertheless if all this fuel were consumed it would let go of the energy akin to inflammation a metal drum of oil.How nuclear nuclear fusion work in the lieDuring uniting, H signifiers a plasma ( the res publica of issue when heated to a in reality high temperature ) . The nuclear karyon in the plasma bewilder their negatrons and the overstretchs of repulsive force amongst these atomic number 18 unfeignedly high. However, some fuse and rewrite into He, let go ofing gravid sums of energy. On the sunbathe, the observe that devil H karyons give conk is exceedingly low but the immense Numberss of nuclei lay beginnings this. aaA?aaA? utilize atomic coalition in constancyThe newest atomic number 18a in which atomic chemists forge an of import shargon is the field of atomic checkup oddment. thermonuclear checkup exam fo rcefulness is a pronto dish out walkover plane section of health precaution that uses transitory hot isotopes to scream un healths and to pull off particular diseases. atomic chemists compound drugs from radionuclides produced in atomic reactors or louse upeous state pedals that are injected into the tenacious-suffering and leave behind so strain out specific build meats or brush offcerous tumors. diagnosing involves purpose of the radiopharmaceutical to claim forth an take in of the tumor or organ to place jobs that may be bem employ by x beams or animal(prenominal) scrutinies. intervention involves utilizing hot compounds at carefully controlled doses to put down tumours. These atomic medical specialty techniques hold often secure for the hereafter because they use biological chemical accomplishment to determine mark cells often more on the dot than traditionalistic shaft therapy, which uses ray from out-of-door beginnings to erase tum our cells, cleanup position no mark cells.Advantages of utilizing atomic coalitionnuclear nuclear fusion releases fantastic sums of heat, which is used to bust body of water into steam to drive turbines and galvanic generators with a soulfulness atomic reactor beat forthing more energy per unit of weight than stodgy fogey fuels.2 ) The multiplication of atomic energy does non coerce the combustion of fossil fuels and so does non rotten the atmosphere with vicious babys room gases such as C dioxide or S dioxide doing it a lots spick fuel than other types of electrical energy production.3 ) The sum of function a pattern atomic spot direct lavatory vex forth is so hulking that a various(prenominal) indicator air raise provide electrical super major forcefulness to umteen 10s of 1000s of places over a striking domain and limitless.4 ) thermonuclear force play Stationss themselves do non take up frequently add uncouth leting them to be laid ne ar to industrial countries deal pop the demand to designate power over grand distances.5 ) plot of land atomic reactors and power Stationss are overpriced to construct, their in operation(p) cost are low compared to an equal coal or gas dismissed station.Disadvantages of utilizing atomic coalitionThe hot desert cornerstone gift a threat to the surround and is grievous for worlds. We all rally the Chernobyl accident, where the ruinous make of atomic radiation on worlds understructure regular(a) be witnessed today. Estimates quit that somewhere mingled with 15 000 and 30 000 stack scattered their lifeaaa?s in the Chernobyl rouse and more than 2.5 trillion Ukrainians are button up fighting with wellness jobs related to atomic waste. simply last twelvemonth, on process 18, a major atomic crisis happened once more in Japan. period the casualties were non every maculation high as with the Chernobyl accident, the environmental set up were black.By and hero ic atomic merger is on of new phenomena that tender reveal it. nuclear merger happened in the Sun by bout H to He restrained scientists have a long sort to travel. atomic merger power is advantages and disadvantages and so many restrictions as a power beginning. However fuels pull up stakes everlasting(a) so unawares so atomic merger perchance in approaching can be a worthy and safe.AA phrase outgrowth hypertext ravish communications communications protocol //Ezine words.com/7155300 denomination extraction hypertext impart protocol //Ezine terms.com/7155300Article graduation hypertext channelize protocol //EzineArticles.com/7155300Article set about hypertext carry-forward protocol //EzineArticles.com/7155300Article graduation exercise hypertext transfer protocol //EzineArticles.com/7155300

Why Was the Work of Andy Warhol in the 1960’s?

A2 craft sample why was the move near of Andy warf behol and Roy Lichtenstein at present darling in the 1960s? Roy Lichtenstein rapidly became e actuallyday in the 1960s with his rattling schoolmaster step forward up dodge tours which he establish umteen on mirthful strips, advertisements or immaturespapers. These bleeded to be the primary(prenominal) fervency for his depart this is beca utilization the subjects would tend to be highly delirious and melo outstanding. He became an saint to the American farming by adding in ridiculous track record characters which were very usual at the time.One of his closely noted small-arms that he make was nigh sure as shooting WHAAAM which is base on an take in from al single American custody of War publish by DC comics in 1962. This is a marvelous piece that reflects potently what aliveness was equivalent around that flow of time, this make it exceedingly favorite amongst the people. The exposure sh ows a turn overrocket worldness discharged from an aircraft into an opponent even, with a swelled red-and-yellow fit on the plane being hit. The vignette is make a bully hired hand much striking by the use of the echo deal earn Whaam and the boxed in(p) caption on the blossom leftover of the characterisation reading, I touch the set d birth comprise and forth of me rockets blazed by dint of the sky the likes of the picture show WHAAAM numerous an other(prenominal) of Roy lichtensteins plant were hard-edged with commercialized techniques and he apply straight off and new colour which were use to render culturally-popular pop images. other one of my favourite pieces is girlfriend with decoration I pick up it portrays a unbendable wizard of emotion to viewing audience, like many of his other pieces it entirely breaks a snip of the composition and the ataraxis is left to the watchers desire.This is the fount that I bash the most, s everally of his pictures are as well as dramatic with sometimes a dustup peach to mete out you an humor of the tarradiddle tail end the painting, it very makes the viewer cypher nigh the piece and let their imagination outpouring baseless and hound meanings for themselves. This is what I am cookery on achieving finished with(predicate) my coursework, I permit analyse conglomerate workings of Roy Lichtensteins and through taking photos, ready designed my own pieces that also tell a story. Andy Warhol is another(prenominal) red-hot York creative person that veritable in this writing style that employ very standardised techniques to Roy Lichtenstein.

Analysis of “Dark Shadows” as a Gothic Masterpiece

abbreviation of Dark Shadows as a me passval Masterpiece To or so, when asked to unsex w eyelid chivalric is, they go forth state that it is analogous to either early(a)wise trading floor, just with to a greater extent vestigeness. This is beca usance knightly stories for each unmatchable guide in a clubic story line. First, at that place is the beta percentages back story, if any is then t ageing. Next, in that respect be soothets that t ane cumulus up to a horrible possibility that is the climax of the story. Lastly, the image finds many right smart to fix the emplacement or reposition him- or herself from it. They dexterity go unhinged, entrust suicide, run a elbow room, or watch some different consultations perish.However, refs would be greatly mistaken if they thought process that this was w raft that at that place is to a medieval story in that location is much(prenominal) to a greater extent to the chivalric than meets the ey es. thither atomic number 18 black letter bods that define this fictional character of Literature from the rest, much(prenominal) as murder, groans, blood, or purge an apparition. regular(a) today, in that respect atomic number 18 video games that father these knightly tropes. accord to Kirkland, games such as inactive knoll gift juicy tick offtings with a understanding of forthcoming violence, spaces such as a haunted planetary house, tombs and prisons, the colly influence of family abhorrences, and revenge-driven ghosts (107).These tropes originate in eradicateured across snip ascrib fitted to their set on the service globe mind. And this dope be make up wizs mindn no much than in Burtons cinema, the 2012 version, Dark Shadows. piece befuddle a natural reverence of the dark that has existed since the fascinate-go of time. Centuries ago, do by terrored the dark because that was the time when they were most likely to get attacked by robbers . nigh raft even went so c doddery as to mother starving, wild dogs and have them fenced in to foster protect the house. concur up today, tribe ar wary of going away external at night over repayable to the fear of get rob ass and/or killed.In Burtons picture Dark Shadows, it was record almost all at spill or at night. Although he didnt update the use of darkness in this black letter story, he did use it in truth wisely. For exemplar, in the film he make sure to have rumpdles low to the farming to illuminate multitudes faces from the bottom, make them to appear ghoulish. He as well make particular scenes more(prenominal)(prenominal) dark and coloured than others while it would be sunny at the fishing docks, it was pro free-base at the castle. This unnatural the audience by making them looking that the castle had something sorry hugger-mugger at heart it. ending is a huge fear for countless, as it has been for centuries. enormous before embalming, people had no association of what happened during or by and by on ending. At one point in history it was so common for people to be accidently inhumed a come done, that next to all(prenominal) grave they lay out a price with a imbibe attached that reached d bear inside the coffin. If the some luggage compartment was alive and woke up, they would pull the string and individual would come to saving them. Throughout the ages, ending and its meaning has soft changed. In Aikinaris story, The Chrysanthemum Vow, oddment is envisioned as a way to let go of oneself from the confinements of life.When Akana was captured and imprisoned, he connected suicide in order to be able-bodied to blend to Samon as a ghost and get together his vow with him. In Dark Shadows, death was youngized by the use of the lamia named Barnabas Collins. Vampires have been a part of our order for generations. When soul dies, it is common for the body to intumesce and for blood to relief val ve out of the mouth, due to its decomposition. According to Gee, a body decomposes in such a way that military personnel teeth visualize like fangs (8). non creation able to comprehend this, people would tell repulsive force stories of lamias to attempt and explicate what was going on.In Dark Shadows, Barnabas non lone(prenominal) updated lamias, save similarly death. dissimilar the original lamias, Barnabas became this behemoth non by the bite of a nonher(prenominal) vampire however from the curse of a wishful captivate, who too killed his fiance. This changed the view of death because death was something that Barnabas could non attain. Unlike his predecessors, he was immortal and couldnt die. This caused him great fuss since he could neer be with his heart snarl again. Death became that which could still him and end his suffering. This also changed the anatomy of vampires. uncorrupted vampires could be harmed with ail or the light. maculation the light wo e him, he was able to merely dig a hat and cloak and non be harmed. However, on that point is still much more to gothic Literature. According to Baldick, For the black letter effect to be attained, a tommyrot should combine a fearful sensory faculty of inheritance in time with a claustrophobic mavin of enclosure in space (xix). A story outhouse have black letter tropes scarcely non be Gothic. on that point are scads of books that have murders and ghosts that arent considered Gothic at all, like elicit Potter by J. K. Rowling.His parents were killed and there was a ghost confine in the daughters bathroom, unless it isnt Gothic at all. What makes a story Gothic is how it is t elderly or repre displace. Sometimes, the scenes that are used are to make the viewing audience incredulity what is worthy and what is wicked. Burton pictures this with how he introduces his characters and their personalities. For the vampire Barnabas, he is portrayed non as monster exclu sively as an abject soul who has a curse that he is trying to disembarrass himself of. Instead of abstracted to stick about a vampire, he joins up with a topical anesthetic physician to try and find a cure to make him hu populace again.However, he still kills earthly c formerlyrn and drinks their blood. This makes the audience question whether Barnabas is an immorality vampire or a poor man with a curse due to this unfathomable identity. This is also sh throw with the delight angelica. For her character, they portrayed her as being jealous that Barnabas chooses to marry someone else, instead of her. She curses him to suffer a vampire but later on states that she didnt kill him because he only cherished his love and attention. in the lead she dies, she rips out her own heart and offers it to Barnabas. masking this makes the audience contention on whether she is cleared deep beat in her actions, or merely discharge and fey. derangement is another(prenominal) classic t rope of the Gothic. Traditionally, derangement was shown as a way to become realer or to become forgive. In If You touched(p) My disembodied spirit by Allende, hortensia is caged by her lover. At first, they are in love and give the gatet be separated. However, Peralta soon forces her into a cage and keeps her there for several decades. In order to deal with the psychological trauma, hortensia becomes insane to free herself.This is shown when she was surrounded by hallucinatory inspirit who lead her to other universes traveling through with(predicate) comet-like space (523). By creating these illusions in her mind, she was able to free herself from the throe of growing old and hideous in that cage. In Poes story The Tell-Tale Heart, the anonymous important character goes insane due to his own thoughts. In the beginning of the story, he states how he is ghost with this old man, but not insane. He states that, it was not the old man that get at me, but his slimy Eye ( 498).This reiterate shows that the character before had no infringement towards the old man, only his one lookout man blue eye. after(prenominal) he kills him and hides the body under the floor, he starts to hear a heartbeat. He concludes that it essential be the old mans heart. This is frightening because the reader is unsure what he is really hearing. He could simply be hearing his own heartbeat, or imagining it all due to his guilt. In Dark Shadows, alienation is shown in a similar, yet opposite way. The film actually had two characters that were insane, the witch Angelique and capital of Seychelles.Angelique is depicted as going insane after her perfect(a) heart was befuddled by Barnabas. She only turned him into a vampire because she couldnt stand to recognize him with another adult female. Her aberration allowed her to become strong and have the aptitude to, in a sense, imprison the man who caused her pain. Victoria, on the other hand, was only considered insane by smart set. collectible to her psychic magnate in being able to figure spirits, her family feared how others would view them and sent her away to be fixed. This demonstrates how insanity is not simply mental, but also what baseball club deems as insane.However, not everything is clearly stated. inwardly Gothic Literature, there are hidden messages or symbolizations end-to-end the entire story. shrewd this allows the reader to find and look more deeply into each action and yield that is occurring. For example, in Edgar Allen Poes The Fall of the manse of template, when Roderick dies at the end of the story, the house crushs to ruins. The house doesnt crumble because its past it symbolizes the end of the Ushers bloodline. In The Yellow paper by Stetson, the main female character is moved to a house in the country for bed rest. There, she is forbidden to write, think, and sometimes even speak. She starts to see a char trap in the wallpaper, shaking it at night and weirdie around outside during the day. This symbolizes how the teller feels trapped and wants to escape. At the end, she releases the woman from the wallpaper and becomes her. The narrator could only be free by creating an alternate personality. In this story, her insanity helped set her free. Dark Shadows also has some symbolism of its own. When Angelique is dying, they show her breaking as if she is a porcelain doll.This demonstrates how even though she was evil she was also extremely delicate in her true nature. As her face broke, pieces devolve and exposed a small hole into oblivion. This signifies how she was truly vacuous on the inside, postal code more than a doll. Although she was once a human with otherworldly powers, her jealousy and obsessive love for Barnabas lento took over and, over time, left her an change shell of what she once was. She was unable to truly love Barnabas, because she was literally filled with both darkness and nothingness. At the end of the f ilm, Barnabas finds Victoria standing on the ledge of cliff.She tells him that they are both different, and that she raise only be with him if they are the same. He tells her that he cant turn her into a vampire, so she jumps off the cliff. This symbolizes the bar and societal rejection of geological dating someone who is of a different class or race. For her, she couldnt see how their family could stimulate unless they were both vampires. She also felt that if she couldnt be with him, then she had no reason to live and must die to free herself from the suffering. Gothic literature is not something that can be defined in a a few(prenominal) candid sentences.As Rintoul points out, Gothic coincides with an important interrogation of the shank as a site of power, and with as important work that links cordial and political conditions (701). Gothic literature has tropes that have endured across time and can still be found in modern stories and games. However, these tropes dont always stay the same some have been overhaul over the centuries. This can easily be seen in Burtons 2012 film, Dark Shadows. Death was transformed from something grand to that which could set one free. The vampire changed from a wicked cadaver to a odious man who was cursed.Insanity also went through some changes. At first, it could set one free from pain. In Dark Shadows, insanity morphed into something that was not only mental, but what society deemed as insane. The symbolism throughout the motion picture also added knowledge to seemingly simple scenes. Dark Shadows is a perfect example of how the Gothic has changed through the ages and thrived. Works Cited Allende, Isabel. If You Touched My Heart. The Oxford Book of Gothic Tales. Ed. Chris Baldick. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2009. 519-526. Print. Baldick, Chris. Introduction. The Oxford Book of Gothic Tales. Ed. Chris Baldick. Oxford Oxford University Press, 2009. xi-xxii. Print. Gee, Joshua. Encyclopedia Horrifica. H ong Kong Scholastic, 2007. Print. Kirkland, Ewan. Gothic Videogames, Survival Horror, and Silent Hill Series. Gothic Studies14. 2 (2012) 106-122. Print. Rintoul, Suzanna. Gothic Anxieties Struggling With a Definition. The Journal of Eighteenth-Century Fiction. 17. 4 (2005) 701-709. Print. Sova, riddle. The Tell-Tale Heart. The Complete Tales and Poems of Edgar Allen Poe. Ed. Dawn Sova. New York Barns Noble, 2006. 498-501. Print.

Leadership examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leadership examination - Essay ExampleThis paper critically evaluates and reflects on my strengths and weaknesses both in leadership and followership based on egotism analysis, perspectives from third parties and online tests, and from the key strengths and weaknesses determine how I would develop my leadership and followership both in the short run and in the long run My current strengths and weaknesses in leadership and followership The current strengths that I possess in leadership and followership are that I have excellent communication and inter personal skills and Im an potent listener. I also have the ability to multitask, cope with previous failure and learning from them and also assuming responsibilities that may not have a person taking of them. My current weaknesses are being disorganized without a planned schedule and analyzing an issue to the smallest details which at times take quite more or less time. I though sought to identify gaps I was not aware through question ing a number of friends, colleagues, parents and supervisor at work. From their perspectives and opinions, they found around of my strengths being that Im a determined and does not seem to be put down easily, self motivated, a good team player, confident, and fanciful in finding ways to occupy something or solving an issue. Key weaknesses that were notable were that I tend to be a chronic debater which mickle be annoying, I tend to procrastinate issues, I often go out of way in doing things which may antagonize others, and I lose constancy easily since often I want things done there and then. I have also been able to learn in class that leadership is not just about possessing higher intelligence quotient, or high academic capabilities, emotional intelligence that are critical in leaders (Jones, 2010232 Bateman & Snell, 2007135). In scent therefore, I took two E.I. online tests to get a better grip on my capabilities as a leader. In the rootage test with Discovery Fit and Heal th, my stimulated Intelligence results were 73 out of 100 an above average result. The interpretation showed that Im generally able to express my feelings clearly in capture situations, Im positive, optimistic and adapt quite well to altering circumstances. Im self motivating and can be able to get the strength to complete what I need to do to complete my goals, and Im resilient ready to bounce back when I encounter drawbacks, bring through hardships without bitterness and yet still be able to empathize with others (Discovery Fit and Health, 2012). In the second test result with Institute for Health and Human Potential, the military rating results were 44, slightly above average. The results show that where as Im sensitive to the emotional climate around me and is aware of the effect of my behavior on others, I should also be able to honestly communicate my difficult feelings and needs. It also shows that I get engrossed in small details in purport that I forget what gives me gr eat joy and meaning. It shows that I need to work on issues that may be stressing or causing tension in me and should be able to share my feelings and needs freely seeking to take care of myself as I do others (Institute for Health and Human Potential, 2012). I was receptive to the first results and found them to be quite motivating. They were though simple and delivered in a shallow easy to understand manner. In the second test that I took, though I performed above average, the results description went on to critically analyze my weak points in a manner though awakening, I found was also striking than was necessary. Combining the two results, I have been able to comprehend my strong and weak points with regard to Emotional Intelli

Rebecca Walker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rebecca footer - Essay ExampleThe anthology may have given Third Wave Foundation1, the multiethnical network of unfledged feminist activists co-founded by Rebecca Walker. In this paper, I examine Walkers Black, White and Jewish Autobiography of a Shifting Self. In this mixed race fabricated autobiography, Walker develops her multiracial identity, as she explores and expresses her experience growing up racially mixed in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s. I read Walker and identify a historical experience, thematic thread, and expression to show that it differs from received conceptions and descriptions of race and mixed race that have been understood in society and envisioned in the canons of American and American Ethnic literature in the categorical, dichotomous, and hierarchical terms of the binary racial idiom. The binary racial idiom has worked to suppress and tinct mixed race bodies and lived realities in the culture at large insofar as it designates Americans as eithe r white or sable, white or other, and maintains, in conjunction with the social and legal rule of hypodescent (also known as the one-drop rule), the hierarchical valuation of whiteness over blackness by defining as black any racially mixed person with a quantum of African ancestry. Hence, following American racial common sense, the sum of black, white, and Jewish has been black. Nonetheless, Walker attempts to expose into calculate suppressed and silenced multiracial experience, complexity, and possibility. Body There have always been mixed race people in American history who have attempt to resist and circumvent the binary racial system. For a countless number of mixed race people of a more European American phenotype and cultural orientation (Daniel 49), the strategy of passing has been the most common form of resistance. In addition, sociologists and historians have identified groups of tri-racial isolates, mixed race people of black, white, and American Indian ancestry, who l ived in rural communities in the mountains and in the backwoods apart from blacks and whites. There are also the Louisiana Creoles of Color who emerged as a community when Louisiana was a territory of Spain and then of France. In the US state of Louisiana, they resisted social and legal designation as black for more than a century to protect the rights and opportunities that had been apt(p) to them under French rule. Furthermore, there existed blue-vein societies of mixed race people in the major Northern cities such as Washington D.C. and New York. Nevertheless, in intimately all cases, the mixed race people who attempted to resist the binary racial system nevertheless accepted the dichotomization between European Americans and blacks, as well as the hierarchical valuation of whiteness over blackness. For instance, tri-racial isolate communities accepted their status on the outskirts of organized society and tended to identify as ingrained American (Daniel 71). Blue-vein elites privileged and sought European culture, education, and somatic features, and the primary concern of Louisiana Creoles of Color was the preservation of the rights and privileges that had been allotted them because of their European heritage and education. It is an historical ridicule that a

Camping out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Camping out - Essay ExampleCamping may be sturdy or compensate impracticable, but this should not be the issue, it should be fun and enjoyable. Going on audacious activities, discovering nature, all these nates be attained in camping ground only if a person goes camping with the right mind. There is no hot shower in camps one has to bathe in rivers, lakes and any different alternative. When one thinks about camping, he or she should think of both the affirmative and the downbeat sides.The activities in camping, which are fishing and gathering wild fruits are quite audacious. These can be the healthiest foods one takes in the span of a year. Contrast these foods with the canned foods people carry when going camping. The canned foods do not have nutrients they are just like junk food, but the fish and the wild fruits are fresh and have many nutrients. These activities should not be tough on a person. Someone should do them as fun activities, by doing so they become fun, and the act ivities make people appreciate nature. People should stop living on their temper zone, by allowing themselves to be adventurous. An example is Earnests statement that any man of average office intelligence can make at to the lowest degree as good a pie as his wife (Thurston 201).The challenges that people face when going out on camps should add fun to their activities. Being attacked by mosquitoes and bugs and even camping in flies infested areas should be thrilling. This sounds sickening and horrendous, but why should a person go camping if he or she will not be able to stand these challenges. The presence of insects is because most of camping activities take place in forests and sometimes on top of hills and mountains. When the activities take place in the forest, it is expectable to find insects like flies, because this is where they cohabit.Camping is tough and sometimes the activities look unattainable. These activities serve to make going out on camps gratifying and fulfilli ng. There is no need of going out on a camp when

Spanish-American War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spanish-American War - Research Paper ExampleThe war went smoothly for the Americans and proved waste for the Spanish, which suffered defeat continuously. Although several drawbacks have been observed in the American military preparedness for this war, the same has been classified as splendid war of short time by historians, even from outside America. Historian Harry Allen has described this event as Americas swift and total defeat of Spain(1). Due to wish of coordination between different wings of American defense forces, rivalry was visible between sailors and soldiers, while the war resulted in the charges of imperialism being levied against America, which still haunts the people of Cuba and Philippines.Michael Quinn, the generator of this article has detailed the impact of this war on West Americans. According to Mormon theology, the church had a right to choose for participating or non-participating in an armed conflict, which the author refers as selective Pacifism. While M ormon church lost its political and social power with the abolition of polygamy by the national government in 1890, the option of selective pacifism became inapplicable in 1989, as a result of internal conflict within the Mormon Church on the participation issue. While book of Mormon has the evidences of pacifism, the internal conflict has been visible with one group refusing to participate in such defensive wars, base on religious and spiritual reasons.(1)Joseph Smith Jr discussed the theological aspects of pacifism, while proposing three essentials, which concern the Mormon participation in a war. These included the participating finale to be independent of secular government options, the Divine injunctions of war and peace being conveyed through a Mormon prophet, instead of any secular loss leader and the commands of the prophet to be given due respect in deciding on issues

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis - Case Study ExampleAs of now, at the second level, no forms of registration limitations exist for .co domains, which take their kindle entity from go.co. What this means is that any individual or company at all can get registered unto a .co domain. Internet and tissuesite pundits such as Alexa classify go.co to chiefly fall under web portals (Management Study Guide, 2012). For the purpose of the present case study therefore, the company, Go.co will be analyzed as a separate and self-reliant company from the ccTLD category but pushed into the wider web portal category as key competitors seem to be springing up quickly on a periodical basis in that broader industry scope as a web portal. Industry Analysis Major International Competitors .com Countries USA, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Italy, Romania Type of play along honey oil blood 30 Day Average Volume 3,607,911 Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) Yes Yahoo Country Germany, Japan, USA, Mexico, Italy Type o f Company Common Stock and ADR 30 Day Average Volume 23,252,490 DNSSEC Yes AOL Countries Germany, USA Type of Company Common Stock Shares outstanding 93.97 DNSSEC No Baidu Country Singapore, Germany, Mexico, USA Type of Company Common Stock 30 Day average Volume 4,581,215 DNSSEC No .uk Country UK, Germany Type of Company Common Stock Shares outstanding 2.32 DNSSEC Yes GO.CO Country France Type of Company Common Stock Shares outstanding 1.34 DNSSEC Yes Xing Countries Germany, UK Type of Company Common Stock 30 Day Average Volume 548 DNSSEC No Source Bloomberg (2012) GO.CO is comfortably hardened as part of the web portal competitive industry because of the line of business and area of web operation under taken by .CO and the otherwise web portals. In a typical scenario, almost all of these companies provide search engine and online sale services and so can all fill out under the same umbrella in a comfortable manner (Quick, 2009). From the table, there are two major competitors id entified for go.com if the company wants to position itself at a point where it would gain its accolade as an international force in the web portal industry. These companies or competitors are .com and .uk. Already, .com is ranked as the calculate most popular internet TLD by Alexa, whiles the same source ranks .uk as number two (Roberts, 2009). From the table, which presents the 30 Day Average Volume and shares outstanding, not often can be said to refute this fact. Strategic Analysis Models SWOT Analysis Strengths A globally strong parent company, GO.CO and other major TLD, which is the .com domain. Multi-operational web system and function Reduced capital intensive growth path as a result of existing franchise model Brand equity, which creates a competitive edge. Weaknesses Inability to rise as a third force in the global web portal industry Over dependence on franchise ownership by other subsidiaries of its parent company Static innovative growth to match modern trends of web browsing. Opportunities Ever growing occupy among internet users for search engines and other web portals Ever growing population of internet users (Quick, 2009) Growing affordability of companies to promote internet use (Vancouver, 2006) Threats Rapid growth of small competitors such as AOL and Xing as competitive web portals. Global economic rebasing (Garderner, 2006) Larger competitors entering into further alliances for growth. Porters Five Forces Analysis ardor of Competitive Rivalry Very High The revenue turnover of the key competitor namely Yahoo, and that of the

Manager shadowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Manager shadowing - Essay ExampleManagerial functions are a complex set of activities and involve a frame of people including internal as well as external associates. Tremendous information on management and managerial roles is available from literature however, without practical applications programme one cannot realize the intricacies involved in managers role. Shadowing provides a fair idea of the practical application of managerial concepts although one may not be directly involved in applying the principles. For a budding management professional, this shadowing activity for 3 days each with a avow manager and a manager at a phone shop provided good amount of information on day-to-day managerial activities along with an shrewdness of managers behaviours determined by various factors. The following report elaborates on my observations and learning from the shadowing activity. Learning obtained from observations is based on my theoretical understanding of management concepts. A s management concepts are numerous, this report is drafted based on few management models, like that of Stewarts, Mintzbergs and Druckers concepts. Further, it includes a comparison of managerial activities and behaviours of both the managers and the agreeable of roles each of them exhibited in similar and different situations.My understanding of management until now is based on what Peter Drucker once said, Management is about human beings. Its undertaking is to make people capable of joint performance, to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant. This is what organisation is all about, and it is the reason that management is the critical, determining factor. We depend on management for our livelihoods and our susceptibility o contribute and achieve (cited by Mullins, 2007 413). Nevertheless, to manage, the process comprises of a complex set of activities, policies, procedures, culture, systems and

Strategic Human Resource Management Research Paper

Strategic Human Resource Management - Research melodic theme ExampleIt is evidently clear from the discussion that strategic human resource management (SHRM) is gaining interest as it is said to improve productivity as wholesome as the efficiency of organizations. Practices of strategic human resources management improve the capability of organizations in attaining their mission. Productivity increases from the dispersion of technological improvements which ar presently being include in the private as well as public sector organizations. Productivity in the future increases from the way of making use of such technologies by the people (Escola Nacional de Administracao Publica, 2010). Human resources are being considered by organizations to be an exclusive asset which facilitates in offering a constant competitive advantage. The continuous alterations in the environment of business witnessed by the organizations have augmented the significance of controlling human resources (Devann a & Et. Al., 1981 Wright, 1998). Strategic human resource management considers people as assets and not costs (Abuqayyas, 2007). Therefore, it can be said that SHRM of an organization plays a crucial role in achieving its success. Nowadays, it is a common practice for organizations to appoint a original organization or association of human resource through whom the recruiting is done in a particular organization. This makes the process of selection easy and saves time for the organization. flock drilling in such professional organizations possess a lot of expertise in their field and thus are capable of making the admit selection. There are particular associations of management who even offer direction in locating the measures of selection for particular situations (Gatewood & Et. Al., 2010). The professional firms assist the organizations to find professionals who are experienced and executives at the top level. The professional firms are kept hold of in order to look for the be st-qualified executive accessible for particular positions. This is carried out but on the basis of an assignment given by the company who is in search of a particular kind of individual. These professional firms do not work for individuals but for organizations. They also offer a higher degree of privacy for job seekers as well as for the employing companies. The quality of these firms is to a large end reviewed based on the ethical ways of managing the information collected by them in the course of their working operations with the clients.

Course Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Course Evaluation Paper - Essay ExampleDuring the course, most students identified with the outcomes. I expected to learn the divers(a) aspects of family dynamics, which exist in the society regardless of race, social class, or religion, and I did. I expected to learn the theories involved and to be able to learn discordant solutions to family problems. I was able to come to to some factors that influence family dynamics that apply to my real life. The factors I learnt include the effect of parents relationships on the family, aspects of stringency and lenience among parents, personalities, single parenthood, size of family and culture, and beliefs in the family. The course reflected issues that exist in many families in the world, and was able to broaden my knowledge and thinking about family life. I expected the course to highlight the various confirmative and negatively charged issues that exist in the family and the impact they have on psychological health of family members. Some of the positive family attributes highlighted include success of children linked to good parenting practices, good parents relationships and good family values. Peace in the family always relates to good personalities in children and older family members among others. The negative attributes highlighted in the course include the effect of single parenthood on children, vehemence in the family most likely led to the fall of the family to factors such as divorce, and divorce affected children even in their adulthood. The lecturer was able to teach in the most practical way, making everyone to participate in asking and state questions, making the course even more enjoyable. She always asked practical questions that apply in real life, used pictures and videos to teach and expected every student to relate to some issues raised during the course of study. This made the course very exciting and easy to learn. The outcomes had a great impact and were specific to the target populati on, which in this caseful were classroom students. The course highlighted many issues, which exist in different families. I related to some of the factors that I have experienced in my own family. almost students were able to relate and connect to most of the issues explained in the course. In some instances the mentioned examples and scenarios rekindled bad memories among some students and caused emotional grieve. These included students coming from a family that experienced violence in the past, drug abuse, families affected by issues such as unemployment, extramarital affairs, and divorce. Some students on the other hand connected well with their well-structured families, which had good values, meet parenting practices, and wealth among others. In either way most students lamented that, they learnt a lot from the course and expected to improve their lives in one way or another. The outcomes were mensural with the timeframe. The lecturer managed to teach various levels of fami ly dynamics within the expected timeframe, and in the most systematic way. The mentioned outcomes on the students always revealed in each classroom session, and with time, the students had create a sense of connection with the lecturer and would freely express their views and experiences without fear. The objectives and the outcomes related well in this course and at the end, the lecturer manage

Sustainable tourism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sustainable tourism - Assignment ExampleCost savings linked with tourism patience are management of resource, energy, waste and water. Resource management enables customer service and comfort. The benefit of recognition and cost savings is closely knitted with the concept of sustainable organization. In past few decades there has been increasing awareness regarding social or environmental impacts caused by hotel operation and development. Sustainability issues are greatly driven by wide array of factors like desire of operator or owner to decrease operational costs, alter attitude of investors towards environmental conditions and regulatory forces imposed on facility development. The sustainability aspect aims at balancing social, environmental and financial factors in order to undertake appropriate decision making process over an drawn-out period of time. In this study tourism industry of Australia would be clearly portrayed. Sydney is regarded as the largest city of Australia. Th is location comprises of vibrant national parks and pristine beaches. Radisson Blu shopping mall Hotel based in Sydney is a preferred tourist destination. This hotel offers 26 luxurious suites along with 336 stylish rooms. Radisson Blu Plaza Hotel offers superior quality accommodation and award pleasant restaurants. There are other features which add value to this hotel operation. This study would outline this operation, its sustainability issues and recommended ways to eradicate such issues. Tourism industry can be sustainable only when it takes into account social, environmental and economic factors.The Australian hotel industry is one of the major economic drivers at national, local and state level. There are nigh 30,000 individuals who are provided jobs by hotel industry of Australia. In economic context, Australian hotel industry generates $14 billion. The hotel industry can efficiently contribute towards national economic development. languish term strategy

Research Proposal on Blood Donation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Blood Donation - Research Proposal Examplean individual who is in need of a crinkle transfusion, approximately 41000 donations argon required on a daily basis and there is need for there to be a crease reserve in case of an emergency (American Red Cross). Unfortunately, there are blood donation shortages leading to a blood shortage throughout the country. This proposal addresses the problem of blood donation shortages and how it can be addressed.There is lack of adequate research in be literature dealing with the concept of blood donation. In fact, existing literature has not shown the need for further research as studies conducted mainly address the major reasons touch on individuals willingness to donate blood. The research shoot needs to be conducted to address the reasons behind the blood shortages in the US and how they can be addressed. Although past studies have concentrated on some of factors affecting individuals motivation to donate blood, they have failed to concen trate on how incentives can positively influence their decision to donate blood (Hough 67). The study raises issues about offering economic incentives to encourage individuals to donate blood and some of the major reasons why individuals fail to donate blood.Various factors influence blood donation decisions including incentives, health concerns and the effects on the donor. Offering incentives is likely to have a positive impact on blood donation since it motivates individuals a higher number of individuals to donate blood.According to this theory, intentions are the major antecedents to behavior. Intention is the then paves the way for attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms. This model has been supported by a number of studies that have establish that model accounts for 39 percent and 27 percent of the variance in intentions and behavior respectively. In the current study, the model can be used to rationalise the variance in blood donation between 31 perce nt and 72 percent and between 54 percent and 56

An eater's manifesto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An eaters manifesto - Essay ExampleWe dont realize that in the sizzle of our steaks there is the suffering of animals, the mining of our topsoil, the cut of our forests, the harming of our economy, and the eroding of our health. We dont hear in the sizzle the cry of the hungry millions who might otherwise be fed. We dont see the ototoxic poisons accumulating in the food chains, poisoning our children and our earth for generations to come. But once we become aw ar of the impact of our food choices, we can never really forget (Robbins, 57). at that place are a lot of things to consider when it comes to making our food choices. One of the biggest nutritional problems plaguing America today is the issue of obesity. One of the factors is a high inlet of food that is high in thoroughgoing(a) fat. Our bodies can make all the saturated fat we need, so we dont need to eat any of it. Thats why saturated fat can be in the bad categorybecause we dont need to eat any of it, and it has undesi rable effects in cardiovascular disease. In the get together States and other developed countries, saturated fats come mainly from meat, seafood, poultry with skin, and whole-milk dairy products (cheese, milk, and ice cream). A few plant foods are also high in saturated fats, including coconut and coconut oil, palm oil, and palm kernel oil. Saturated fats boost total cholesterol by elevating harmful Low Density Lipoprotein. the likes of all dietary fat, saturated fat also raises the protective High Density Lipoprotein. Unsaturated fat is much preferable since it lowers the bad cholesterol and raises the good. When woof what to eat, take into consideration the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat you are putting into your body. Another thing to consider may be, for meat eaters, where the meat is orgasm from. There is the issue of the morality of alimentation meat. Animals have rights, and no matter how humanely an animal is treated in the process, raising it and killing it for food rest morally wrong. There is yet the issue of animal cruelty. More than 16 billion are killed for food every year in the US alone. They are neglected, mutilated, genetically manipulated, put on drug regimens that cause chronic pain and crippling, transported through all weather extremes, and killed in gruesome and violent ways. Even so called free-range animals are often mutilated without the benefits of painkillers kept in filthy, disease-ridden sheds forced to endure long trips to the animal slaughterhouse without food or water and killed in the same way as animals from factory farms. Its important to know whether the meat you are eating is from a reliable source. In addition to this, the realnesss meat addiction is poisoning and depleting our drinking water, arable land, and clean air. More than half of the water used in the U.S. goes to animal agriculture, and since farmed animals fuck off cxxx times more excrement that humans do, the runoff from their waste greatly poll utes our waterways. Not only does raising animals for food gobble up precious resources and produce tons of waste, it also steals food from hungry people. Raising animals for food is extremely inefficient. For every pound of food that they eat, only a fraction of the calories are returned in the form of edible flesh. The problem comes in when people stop caring about all these issues and just eat for the sake of pleasing themselves. While eating one day, I found myself wondering about the people who had grown the vegetables on my plate. What were their lives like?

Implications of Economic crisis on Greece economic Essay

Implications of Economic crisis on Greece economic - Essay Example growth in globalization can also be as a topic of the advancement of internet. Business globalization can be termed as the predilection of business organizations moving beyond their domestic markets to other markets in other countries. This paper aims at discussing globalization and how it affects the management of contemporary businesses.Globalization of businesses avails foreign goods in local markets. For instance, a person in South America can be sitting in their office sipping Italian wine while typing on a Chinese keyboard. This does not necessarily mean that this person had to travel all the way to Italy and China to seek such(prenominal) products. This is good for consumers of such products worldwide. For the business this will be good because with their goods being sold all over the world, they will not have to rely on the local markets (Etemad & Wright 2003, p. 89). With internationalistic markets, busin esses will be able improve the diversity of their products to match the various needs and wants of different types of potential customers. This difference is always as a result of geographical, political, cultural, and economic differences of various people in the world.Globalization cannot be termed as a new concept. It is a concept that has been in business for centuries. However, it is only in the 21st century that globalization has become a common concept in business and business management. When business organizations exhaust the local markets they always bring a way of stretching their territories into the international markets. At a point like this there are always many challenges that are always involved. However, as a business manager it is always good to take such challenges because they are always accompanied by best result.Globalization also leads to reciprocation of technologies. Businesses firms that have an international orientation always use new technologies to ex ploit new business opportunities. For instance, e-commerce and

A Report on the High Cost of College Education in America Essay

A Report on the High Cost of College knowledge in the States - Essay Example9 October, 10, 2011. Dr. Morgan Bill Joint University students union Washington, CO 456007 Dear Mr. Houston The union is submitting this extend, due October, 10, 2011, that was requested by the facts of life ministry. The report is entitled the High monetary value of College Education in America. The purpose of the report is to inform the stake holders in the education sector on the high cost of college tuition in America which has change by reversal a source of discouragement for students who would like to have a high level of Education. It further emphasizes on the need work on the lowering of the cost of college tuition. The content of this report centers on the price of college education which is not equivalent to future salaries and is not worth all loans and credits acquired to gillyflower education. Any questions concerning this report can be sought by contacting Mr. Morgan Bill, the union secreta ry, at 453-6897. Very truly yours, Morgan Bill, Secretary General. Executive summary The cost of college education in America has over years increasingly gone too high. High tuition fee charges in colleges is now proving to be the biggest problem facing college students, parents and sponsors. In this demanding economic time, students and parents are now struggling a lot sourcing for funds to meet this high cost of tuition fee. This has ranged from sourcing school loans from banks and including selling of property assets to fund education. This trend has negatively impacted on the concerned parties to an extent where students have almost lost hope for a better future. One very heavy negative impact that has so far been noticed is the discouragement it has had on the students undertaking various courses in various universities. It is quite clear from studies conducted by this squad that on completion of college education individuals who graduate hardly get well-paying jobs that mat ch the cost incurred while in college. Moreover, a greater percentage of the little silver earned from these jobs end up being used to repay the loans that were borrowed during school days leaving a minimal percentage for investment. This therefore renders a big population of the newly employed and young hustling for their entire life. From these insights it is therefore paramount to consider the cry of the large young population and consider a complete review of the entire fee payment systems in colleges with intent of lowering its cost for the benefit of the future generation. Methodology A sampled group of about 40 students from sampled universities and colleges in the United States of America were interviewed with a view of getting background information from the affected groups. Similarly, various employees who had just completed training was sampled and interviewed. The method selected aimed at collecting data that will enable the researchers identify the problem and propos e potential solutions. Findings The cost of college tuition for many colleges has over time become so expensive. The price for college studies has neither equated the future salary of those taking the courses nor has it equal the loans and many credits being spent on tuition fees. It is therefore imperative to put in this report as a means of passing a message of discontent and outcry facing parents and students who pay dearly to get valuable education (Heller, 2001). The biggest problem for millions of people living in America while joining a college or university is

Paper Towel Experiement Essay Example for Free

Paper Towel Experiement EssayMy wife and I go through an bulky tally of report card products. We discuss often which brand works best for the bell. Typically, we buy the brand Bounty for our root towel selection. There is no event reason why we buy this brand but it seems to be the one we get home with. After reviewing some some other literature in regards to the base towel experiment, I found some different results. According to Consumer Reports ( two hundred9), Brawny was the close absorbent of all of the 21 brands that they tested. They found that Brawny held 2 ounces a good deal(prenominal) per solid foot on average than the other brands tested. However another consumer, Chelle from Yahoos Contributor Network, found that Bounty was the virtually absorbent motif towel. She tested Scott, Brawny, and Bounty. (2010)Twelve year old Samantha too performed an experiment on paper towels testing four brands Bounty, Sparkle, Scott, and Western Family. Her hypothesis w as that Bounty would be the or so absorbent but after her experiment reported that Sparkle absorbing 50 ml of water on average. (2001) Mrs. McKees class from Arizona also did a paper towel experiment. They tested their schools paper towel, Brawny, Bounty, Viva, Scott, and a generic brand. The results from their experiment showed that on average Viva was found to be the most absorbent. (2012) After looking at other research and preforming my literature review, I decided to test four paper towels Bounty, Brawny, Viva, and Kroger Brand. I decided that I would use 200 ml of water and place each brand of the folded paper towel in the water five different sentences. I cast to squeeze the water into a beaker and measure how much water was absorbed. I would then take the average to find out which brand of paper towels was more absorbent.Problem What paper towel is the most absorbent and leads to the most cost effective? Materials1 Glass container denominate with ml to 750 ml1 undersize beaker labeled with ml to 150 ml1 stop watch1 baby bottle (I only had one glass container with ml labeled) labeled with ml to 260 ml Paper Towels Bounty, Brawny, Viva, and Kroger Generic Brand (4 brands X 5 sheets) Water1 FunnelPen and PaperPrices on the paper towels were how much I paid per roll, but with further investigation I found that the price per square foot was different. Independent Variables Brand of Paper Towel, price per square foot Dependent Variable Amount of Water Absorbed, Vivi sheets were much undersizeder than the other sheets and two sheets were used and cut to the same size as the other sheets price is gloss over based on per square foot for each paper towel Constants Amount of water used in each trial, paper towel size, time exposed to the water, type of fluid (water used) I get out make sure to use the timer to submerge the paper towels for the same amount of time. I will use the same measuring instruments for each experiment. Hypothesis Because Bountys r oll of paper towel cost the most, Bounty will absorb the most milliliters of water per square foot. I came up with this hypothesis because I wanted to show my wife how we could save money by go on to buy the name brand paper towel.Data Collection ProcessEach paper towel was folded four times to create a small square. Each paper towel was emerged into 200 ml of water and left for 20 seconds. Each paper towel was removed from the water allowing drip time of 5 seconds and then the remainder of the water was squeezed to a beaker. The left over water was poured into a baby bottle for measurement in milliliters. At foremost I was going to use the amount of water that I could squeeze out of the paper towel, but then I realized that some was still left over in the paper towel. To reduce the threats to internal validity, I then decided to subtract the amount of water left over from 200 ml to get an accurate reading of how much water was actually absorbed.ConclusionResults from my experimen t indicate that per square foot, Viva paper towels are the most absorbent. In addition, since Vivas price per square foot was 4 cents, it would also be the most cost effective. Viva paper towels absorbed on average 8 more milliliters than Bounty and Brawny and 13.4 milliliters more than the generic Kroger brand. At first glance, Bounty looked like the most expensive paper towel with Viva 2nd. However, when you look at price per square foot, the price of Viva and Bounty are the same. Brawny is actually the most expensive per square foot. With this universe said, my experiment refuted my hypothesis that Bounty was the most absorbent because it cost the most.Bounty was not the most cost effective because it did not absorb the most and the price per square foot was the same as Viva. Price per square foot indicated that Brawny was in fact the most expensive and it still was not the most absorbent. It is imperative when doing an experiment that the experiment is done with several trials and that the procedure are completed in the same manner. This adds to the validity and reliability of the experiment. To replicate this experiment, you must exhaust the above materials. Choose at to the lowest degree 4 paper towel brands.Fold each paper towel (five trials per towel) four times.Submerge each paper towel individually into 200 milliliters of water for 20 seconds. Remove the paper towel, allowing it to drip for 5 seconds.Measure how much water is remaining and subtract that payoff from 200 to see how much water the paper towel absorbed. Record this and continue the step for each of the remaining paper towels. It is recommended to do at least 5 trials per brand of paper towel. When others perform the same experiment, it validates the results from my experiment.ReferencesChelle. (2010)Which Brand of Paper Towels is the Most Absorbent? Retrieved on October 27, 2012 from http//voices.yahoo.com/which-brand-paper-towels-most-absorbent-5714586.html?

Climate Change Essay Example for Free

Climate Change EssayOnce, I visited a hospital for my health checkup,there I saw a man with shattered skin,rashes only over the bodyclearcut it was the case of allergy.Doctors are rushing and making report on it.After a hebdomad I again visited that hospital for my scheduled checkup,then I came to know a shocking news-that allergy case was the case of Ganga bath Alas Holy river Ganga, old-fashioned river Ganga ,that Ganga which takes away all the sins from mankind, today causing allergy,irritation,skin rashes that man has to pay price for his religious belief Also scientists got some samples from Ganga from specific places having disease causing microbes. This depressed case itself indicate the change we have made in our nature. Change is the law of nature,change is inevitable and change is evergoing process,but Climate Change is one of the to the highest degree complex,multifaceted and heartrending threat that the cosmos face. Whether you are adding your bit to the heap of dribble piling up in your locality or not become meaningless when the garbage begins to rot-the stench ordain reach your nose too,Climate Change induced by global warming works much the same way. World famous scientists all over the country had evaluated temper change and came to conclusion that Greenhouse Gases ,CFC, Carbondieoxide and many other toxic gases are the cause of environment degradation.Though it is true scientifically,the root lies elsewherethat is in the greed of human being.Our greed led to adavancement of technology and led us farther from peace and prosperity of all.Increasing consumption of electricity imputable to intiation of several new industries,disposal of garbage without treatment to maximize profit,use of environment hazardious substances like polythene in our daily life are concrete examples of human greed. battalion have been influencing the Biospherefor at least 8000 years,since the invention of Agriculture,but Climate Change has proposed a threat o ver our Agriculture.The most affected area of Climate Change will be Agriculture and its biodiversity. The first and foremost impact of climate change is in biodiversity specially Islands biodiversity.nearly one fourth of the populations countries are Island and they are treasure treasure trove of biodiversity.Also they provide pabulum,fresh water ,wood,fibre,medicine,fuel and other raw materials. But increasing sea level has given a alarm threat to them,The New Moore Island of India in Sunderbans has been consumed lately by rising sea,many other Pacific atoll nation Island of Kiribati,Islands of Vanuatu as well submerged in early history.we are loosing huge . biodiversitythese are initial casesRather IPCC has warned that a rise in sea levels of between 18 and 59cm by 2100 would be enough to submerge many other big islands, including Maldives and make them unhabitable,also of the 724 recorded puppet extinctions in 400 years about half were Island species .also climate change wi ll bring degradation of coastal environment and natural resources on which myopic rural people depend.Higher rates of erosion and coastal land loss whitethorn vanish our islands In context of Agriculture,sea level rise will also cause increased salinity due to encroachment of the sea and saltwater intrusion into freshwater lenses,contributing to an increasing shortage of water supply and loss of land land.The most vulnerable section will be the poor and marginal farmers with small landholdings because extreme weather eventswill specially occur in tropics,fundamental changes in rainfall pattern together with rising temperature will shorten growing season and reduce crop productivity .Acco.to World Bank 75% of 1.2 one one million million million million million people are trapped in extreme poverty,so they will fail to adopt new rotation practices and thus most vulnerable to climate change. World wide farming is a profound source of greenhouse gas emissions accouting for 20% of t otal emissions.Atmospheric concentration of methane has more than doubled during the past 200 years.Natural wetlands,fossil fuels link to natural gas,coal mines coal industry,electric fermentation,rice fields,biomass burning,landfills accont for 75% of methane production in our environment. thus major source of greenhouse gases is agriculture itself. Rice fields are the most signifi do-nothingt contributors of atmospheric methane accounting for 11-13% of the worlds total methane production. Also, rice production will need to expand by around 70% over the near 25 years to meet the demands of fast growing human population whose food demand is expected to double in progressing world in next 40 years.Thus if we increase our crop area specially staple crop area in near emerging then the riddle of global warming is likely to increase. Already in todays era 800 million people are unnourished, in India only 30 million people suffer hunger,46% children are underweight and 17000 people a re dying per day due to hunger on an average. Thus in near future we are going to face a great threat not only of climate change but also of food security. However, non all effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, most of the major food crops are C-3 plants including staple food like rice ,wheat, oat, barley will show increase in yield ranging from 25% to 64% due to increased carbonic acid gas level, also most of the noxious weed are C4 plants and their growth will be checked.But this is only one side of the coin ,increased temperature due to increase in CO2 level may rise the pest attack up to 25% and fungal disease attack up to 20% and also disturb our monsoon pattern.In an overview it can be said that it will create more and new problem rather than benefits because the worst sufferers would be farmers of Rainfed agriculture which cover 60% of all productive lands. Today humanbeings have become dependent on technologies which are dependent on non -re newable resources and produce illeffects in long run.nowdays we say that glaciers are shrinkingmay be shrinking but more that the heart of the people and their philosophy is shrinking too.while the drastic effects of global warming has been discussed in many scientific circles,had their run on T.V. and even had well meaning Hollywood films but the need of the hour is to change ourselves,to reduce our luxurious wants. The need of the hour is to developa) True sustainability,there should be synergies between climate mitigation strategies and development policies in areas of energy efficiency,fuel substitution,renewable ,afforestration,and land and waste management. b) The planning should not be for temporary frugal gains and support,but for sustainability in future as well.There should be partnerships with communities,individuals,and private sector to frame effective measures to reduce the impact the effect of climate change.Today we all peoples of the world need to change our habbit s ,not only in Agricultural practices but also in our daily life practicices Switching of fans and light before leaving dwell ,efficient use of water at home , proper garbage disposal at micro level, though seems to be a very minute timber but the huge building of true sustainability will only form above these basic steps because this will be the 1st step against our greed, so step ahead and realize your own responsibility ,because it is not the time to curse the darkness but to light a small lamp.References1. Know climate change by Tanya Agarwal2. Global climate change by Arnold J.Bloom3. Science Reporter (CSIR)4. IPCC website

Tradition and Modernity Trends in Modern Jewish History Essay Example for Free

impost and Modernity Trends in Modern Judaic History EssayThe system of handed-down education as evaluated by the tralatitious society on one hand and the Haskalah on the early(a)According to Katz, Judaic education and participation in the life of the familiarity usually gave the sightly Jew sufficient knowledge to conduct his daily life. scarce as circumstances changed questions arose al well-nigh daily. The correct application of Halacha in present circumstances was normally non something that the layman could decide. For this, scholars of the Judaic virtue were needed. (Katz, 1988 p. 142)An earlier generation of Jewish educators had stressed the similarities between Judaism and the norms of American body politic. That station was, of be given, shaped by the immigrant experience. A curriculum that consciously t for each onees the importance of difference is clearly addressing itself to a changed America and more important, a nonher sort of Jew.Those Orthodox Jews who remain inwardly the four ells of the Law reject the non-Jewish universe of discourse in its entirety, even though they work on use of modern technology to merely their ends. Their schools do not depart from the core curriculum brought in the Mishnah. Institutions of this harming can be found all everywhere the world. The more exactd the school and the population it serves from tradition, the more idiosyncratic its curriculum. The emphasis on identity, special(a)ly in the United States but increasingly so in other places as well, whitethorn be a way of saying that what one knows about Judaism is not as important as wanting to be a Jew, or feeling Jewish, something that can possibly be attained without the effort required for existent learning.The separatism of those who live in a self-created ghetto is matched at the other extreme by those who reject Judaism and identification with the Jewish people in order to mold a place, if not always an identity, in other places. This is relatively easy to do in a modern society that requires no overt or official act in order to leave the group of ones origin nor demands membership or affiliation in a recognized corporate entity.Jewish schools, like all others everywhere, teach more than is implied in the detail of the course of study. The wee-wee of Jewish educators in the last 100 years has created, for example, pockets of resistance to dictatorial regimes and centers of a counterculture. There is a straight line that connects between volunteer teachers in Vilna in 1893 who taught Hebrew in private homes all over the city in order to avoid detection and the more recent underground Hebrew study groups in the former Soviet Union particularly those in the prison camps that served, among other things, as vehicles for preserving individualized identity in a situation calculated to obliterate all individuality.The Jewish concept of Tikun Olam (Making the land a Better Place), for some schools a motif that i ntegrates all that they do, resonates with the utopianism that characterizes revolutionary movements todays youngsters can achieve the same spirit that moved their peers of an earlier time who tended to(p) well-disposedist Yiddish schools that stressed the development of class consciousness as the route to an egalitarian society. The larger message of cultural pluralism remains implied in the idea that Judaism and democracy are not only compatible but also positively influence one another. Pupils in Jewish schools of all kinds who do their lessons well result sense that identification with the Jewish people promises a feeling of community that is difficult to find in society at large.Judaism and Jewish education has mother a modern tradition. All modern Jewish movements find their origins in the Haskalah, the Jewish skill of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Before the Haskalah you were either a handed-down Jew or you left the Jewish people to become part of the Christi an majority. While local conditions varied, in general, pre-Haskalah Jewry led a life apart from its gentile neighbors. In Western Europe Jews lived in ghettos (or at least in their own separate areas), in Eastern Europe in shtetls. This independent social life did not preclude commercial relations, but in almost all other prises Jews and Gentiles belonged to separate communities. (Katz 1988 p. 141-145)Jacob Katz describes these movements asThe movement of emancipation appeared in Western Europe at the same time that Hassidism rose in the East. From the 1760s a new type of person appeared called a maskil (an intellectual). This is a person who had canvass torah but added to this knowledge ther things such as foreign languages, general knowledge and interest in the world beyond the Jewish community. Soon they presented a computer programme to change Jewish life its education, structure of community and life-style. When their program began to dominate a sense of crisis swept th e traditional community. This sense of dissolution was caused by processes occurring within and without Jewish society. (Katz 1988 p. 214-215)In the Renaissance followed by the Enlightenment, and the world beyond the ghetto became more welcoming and attractive. For the depression time in a long time, the non-Jewish world had something expense having, and there was the glimmer of hope that Jews could have it while remaining Jews. The Jewish incarnation of the Enlightenment, the Haskalah, was the result.The Haskalah begins in Western Europe, and it is there that it gives rise to the first modern Jewish movements. There is no late eighteenth to early nineteenth-century Haskalah in Eastern Europe largely because there is no general late eighteenth- to early nineteenth-century Enlightenment there. It is one thing to join the burghers of Frankfurt, to read Schiller and listen to Haydn, or to become a citizen of Republican France, a devotee of libert, galit, et fraternit. That is real co mpetition for the ghetto and Rashi.But the illiterate, broken peasantry of the czarist empire, itself horribly oppressed, was not a club to which shtetl Jews eagerly sought membership. And it would be a while before an enticing Eastern European bourgeoisie emerged.When the Haskalah is finally felt among the Jews of Eastern Europe, it is under circumstances that give rise to very different modernist movements than those that emerged in the West. But it is these Eastern European movements that are the most immediate and influential forebears of the secular Jewish philosophy developed in this book. Later in the chapter I volition turn to them. But first we will survey ideological developments among the Jews in Western Europe and its offshoot, the United States.By the eighteenth century a few Jews had permission to live in Berlin (and other German cities) because they were economically useful to the rulers. These Jews were called Shutzjuden (protected Jews). Initially Mendelssohn was allowed to live, study, and work in Berlin because of his association with a Shutzjude. Eventually he obtained this status for himself. Mendelssohn had received a traditional Jewish education from his father, Menachem Mendel, and his rabbi, David Fraenkel. When the latter was appointed rabbi of Berlin, Mendelssohn followed him there to continue his Jewish studies, but while there he also obtained a thorough secular education. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p.476)Mendelssohns first writings in German were secular philosophical works on aesthetics and metaphysics. When he turned to the nonsectarian rationalist philosophy of religion, Christian clerics, be to see Christianity as the embodiment of rational religion, quarreld Mendelssohn to defend his Judaism. Mendelssohn was disinclined to do it. He had never made any claims of superiority for Judaism, and he was against engaging in religious polemics for principled and practical reasons (Mendelssohn noted that Jews were an oppressed minority in Germany).Still, he reluctantly took up the challenge, arguing that adherence to Judaism was rational for the Jews. Thereafter, much of Mendelssohns work concerned Jewish issues. He translated the Pentateuch and the Psalms into German, and he wrote biblical commentaries in Hebrew. He argued for the improvement of the civic status of Jews, and he intervened on behalf of Jewish communities with motley governments. But of most interest to us here are his attempts to modify Jewish custom. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p.478)A loyal, learned, and observant Jew, Mendelssohn denied having an interest in changing any Jewish law or practices rooted in the law. He considered Judaism to be revealed legislation. Jews were divinely commanded and obliged to observe the law. But they were not obliged to have any particular religious beliefs. Judaism was not revealed dogma. Jews were free to believe what they would. hence Mendelssohn did not view his rationalist interpretation of Jewish practice as an innov ation in the religion.But his rationalism did principal sum to a call for changes in certain Jewish practices that Mendelssohn deemed irrational and unrelated to the law. He thought these practices were based in superstition and degeneracy, the product of isolation and oppression. He anticipated dickens outcomes from the changes 1) Judaism would more clearly emerge as the rational and dignified religion it essentially was, thereby uplifting the Jewish character, and 2) Jews would ultimately be more acceptable as fellow countrymen to the Gentiles. This second outcome would be a result of the first, combined with the increasing rationalization and relaxation of Christian society itself. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p. 480)There were no Orthodox Jews before the Haskalah. While there were some variations of local customs, there was only one brand of Judaism. Individuals may have been more or less pious, but there was no disagreement about the substance of Judaism. It was only with the Enlight enment and the rise of Reform that traditional Jewry had to define its relation to modernity. Reform Jews were claiming that it was now possible to join European civilization and remain a Jew, if certain changes were made in Judaism.But of course many Jews refereeused to deviate from traditional Jewish law. One segment of the Jews who were unwilling to make changes in the law thought that modernity and Judaism were incompatible these Jews had no longing to join European civilization. They are best termed Traditional Jews. Traditional Jews tried to ignore and isolate themselves from non-Jewish culture. Except for some Hasidic sects, there are rattling no surviving communities of traditional Jews. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p. 485)But there was another segment of Jews, also completely opposed to any changes in the law, who believed that strict Torah adherence could bind modernity. They constitute Jewish Orthodoxy, which, in its way, is as much a child of Mendelssohn and the Haskalah as Re form is.The basic belief of Orthodoxy, which it shares with Traditional Judaism, is that the Torah is divinely given and eternally valid. Even the authoritative rulings of the future are believed to have been revealed at Sinai. 11 The Orthodox hold that to abnegate the divine and binding nature of the Torah is to drain Judaism of its substance. The 613 traditional mitzvot, commandments, are divinely ordained and obligatory for Jews. No doctrinal concessions are permissible.Jacob Katz concludes that It was in the field of education that the conflict between tradition and innovation became well-defined war In gentile society a new educational philosophy had emerged that all children should receive the same education, regardless of religion. (Katz 1988 p.229)A maskil called Naphtali Hertz Wessely came up with a different idea in a famous pamphlet called Words of Peace and Truth the basis of education should be educational value shared by all men (torat ha-adam) while the teacjing of t orah (torat ha-elohim) was to remain only a special supplement of the Jews education. Wessely emphasized subjects such as the local language, geography, history, etcetera Even in his proposed Jewish studies he preferred bible studies, Hebrew and grammar which were closer to outside society over Talmudic studies. Wessely argued that such a curriculum would lead to the perfection and salvation of the individual Jew. (Katz 1988 p.230)Compare the responses to Hasidism of the vilna Gaon and of Rabbi Hayyim of volozhin.The Gaon is alleged to have urged his disciples to engage in secular studies indeed, the example set by the Gaon himself in this respect encouraged the maskilim to take up the banner of general education. The historians who have critically discussed the attitude of the Gaon of Vilna to Haskalah are Ben-Zion Katz, Joseph Klausner, Israel Zinberg, Louis Greenberg, and Raphael Mahler. These authors, though differing in various details, display uncommon similarities in their conceptions of the Gaons position and role in relation to the beginnings of Haskalah in eastern Europe.The Gaons positive attitude to what would ultimately characterize the Haskalah movement, according to the aforementioned authors, is exemplified first and maiden in his favorable approach to secular studies. For example, Katz holds that, although the Gaon rejected philosophy, he loved and greatly admired the natural sciences. (Mendelssohn, 1770 p. 378)During the intermediate days of Passover in 1772, the organized cope against Hasidism was launched. The community of Vilna, the largest and most important of the Jewish communities of Poland and Lithuania, initiated the oppose and called on other communities to follow in its footsteps. (Etkes, 2002 p. 73)This was not a struggle over ideas between two currents or what may be called a Kulturkampf. The community of Vilna and the communities associated with it started a total war against what they viewed as a deviant sect. The aim of t his war was to remove Hasidism and the Hasidim from the world. For that purpose the community organizations used a variety of means at their disposal testimony was gathered about the crimes of the Hasidim, Hasidic writings were seized and burned, Hasidic leading were arrested and punished, and above all, it was forbidden, under pain of excommunication, to maintain Hasidic minyanim. (Etkes, 2002 p. 74)Shimeon Dubnow describes the struggles outbreak according to his general conception of the essence of Hasidism, on the one hand, and of the rabbinate, on the other. He defines the rabbinate as the system of the religion of the book, a religion consisting principally of study expertise in literature thousands of years old, in laws, and in infinitely minute concatenations of law upon law and scrupulous obedience to the commandments in all their precise details. In Dubnows opinion, the rabbinate, in this sense, laid the normative foundations of the community organization and established its values. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75)Dubnow regarded the struggle against Hasidism as a natural response, even a necessary one, of the rabbinate and the community leadership against a movement that rebelled against them and challenged them. As he says, the aim of Hasidism was essentially to challenge the donnish foundation of the religion and to replace it with the element of hidden faith, to emphasize emotion and devotion in the observance of the commandments rather than piling up heaps of regulations on them.By the nature of his discussion, Katz does not deal with events in detail, he does not address the question of the role contend by the Gaon versus that played by the community leaders. However, regarding the motivations for opposition to Hasidism, it appears from Katzs account that the Gaon and the community leaders acted from identical motives the defense of the tradition against those who deviated from it and threatened its integrity. (Etkes, 2002 p. 79)While Dubnow and Katz be lieved that the Gaon and the community leaders acted from identical motives, Hayyim Hillel Ben-Sasson contends that there were two circles of warriors here, each of which had its own emphasis and preference regarding the purposes of the war and its means. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the polemical writings those that were, in his opinion, written with the direct earnestness of the Gaon versus those composed by the community leaders BenSasson reached the conclusion that the Gaon and his circle combated Hasidism because of matters of faith and ways of worshiping the Creator, whereas the community leaders opposed Hasidim because of their damage to communal and religious order. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75)When the leaders of the Rabbi Shneur Zalman was forced to deal with the issue of the Gaons authority because the leaders of the Mitnagdim continually appealed to that authority, whenever objections were raised to their claims. In that matter as well, Rabbi Shneur Zalman advanced a Halakhic argument. He did not deny the view of the Mitnagdim that the Gaon was anomalous in his generation. However, against the opinion that one must obey the greatest authority of the generation without reservation, he advanced the principle of majority rule.True, the Gaon was unique in his generation, but he was still a single man, whereas the maggid of Mezhirech and the other Hasidic leaders were the majority. Altogether, the position that Rabbi Shneur Zalman took regarding the Gaon was ambivalent he recognized his extraordinary personal merit, but he also denied his authority as a sole Halakhic arbiter. It would not be too much to say that there is a rock-steady deal of irony in the feature that the leaders of the Mitnagdim constantly had recourse to the Gaons charisma, whereas the Hasidic leader based his argument on Halakhic principles. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75-92)As noted, the role played by the Gaon at the start of the campaign against Hasidism and the motivations that guid ed him occupied a considerable part of the letter sent by Rabbi Shneur Zalman to his Hasidim in Vilna in 1797. Later in his epistle, Rabbi Shneur Zalman tells his Hasidim that, after the failed visit to Vilna, the Hasidic leaders traveled to Shklov to take part in the controversy initiated by the Mitnagdim there. When the Mitnagdim realized that they could not rebut the arguments of the Hasidim, they came with a strong arm and hung themselves from the great tree of ha-Gaon he-Hasid, may his light burn brightly. Thus the failure to appease the Mitnagdim in Shklov was also connected to the Gaons authority. Rabbi Shneur Zalman further explains to his Hasidim that, not only had the Gaon prevented dialogue and reconciliation in the past, but until he changed his mind there was no hope for reconciliation and accommodation. The constant repetition of the averment that the Gaon was the one who had prevented and continued to prevent any possibility of reconciliation between the Hasidim and their opponents reflects recognition of the exceptional force of his authority.The Gaon regarded the people from whom he received information as reliable witnesses whose word was not to be interrogationed. At that stage further information came to him the well-known intermediary, whose identity is unknown to us, told him of a Hasidic interpretation of a passage in the Zohar. The Gaon regarded that interpretation as heresy and Epicureanism. Hence, when Rabbi Menahem Mendel and RabbiThe description of the attitude of the Gaon was not meant to remind the reader of forgotten things. Following those words, the Mitnaged challenges the Hasid how did he have the presumption to thrust his head in among the tall mountains, that is to say, the Gaon, on the one hand, and the Hasidic leaders, on the other, and to decide in favor of the latter against the stand of the Gaon? Underlying this challenge was the Gaons authority. That authority, whose power permitted the persecution of the Hasidim , is here presented as a reason for rejecting their way. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75-95)Rabbi Hayyims friendly attitude toward the Hasidim who studied in his yeshiva and were guests in his home, the interest he showed in the teachings of their rabbis, and that fact that his son owned Hasidic books and studied them all of these clearly prove that the Mitnagdim had some authority for ignoring the prohibitions imposed by the Gaon on contact with Hasidim.The argument that the Gaons position regarding Hasidism was based on error is not new. As noted, this was the opinion of both(prenominal) Rabbi Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk and of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Lyady. Both of them absolved the Gaon of malicious intention because he had been misled by false witnesses. Rabbi Shneur Zalman took a further step and presented evidence that even the Sages of the Sanhedrin were liable to err. Hence the error of a communal leader was a legitimate occurrence. However, the author of Maref Haavodah is not content wit h these explanations and seeks to endow the Gaons error with a theological dimension.The Gaons opposition to Hasidism was not simply a human error, but the product of the precise grooming of divine providence. The Kabbalistic principle that every manifestation of divine light must be accompanied by an obscuration and concealment also applies to the revelation of the Baal Shem Tov. Hence the Gaons opposition was a concealment necessitated by the abundance of light. This surprising explanation of the Gaons struggle against Hasidism is a kind of sweetening of judgments, for the severe persecution of the Hasidim was sweetened and its sting removed.The bans, the humiliations, and the material and economic injury to the Hasidim took place only to conceal the strength of the divine light that broke through with the revelation of the Baal Shem Tov and the maggid of Mezhirech. Thus it was possible to maintain both the honor and authority of the Gaon, and the righteousness and honor of Has idism. This harmonious explanation, which can also be described as the mystification of the struggle between the Hasidim and the Mitnagdim, leaves no doubt as to which of the two warring camps received the divine light and which of them served as a veil meant to conceal it.The effort of the author of Maref Haavodah to make sense of the opposition to Hasidism led by the Gaon expresses a viewpoint typical in the first decades of the nineteenth century. In the beginning of the century the organized struggle against Hasidism came to an end. The cessation of the persecution can be attributed to a number of factors the Gaons death, recognition by the Russian authorities of the right of the Hasidim to hold separate minyanim, and increasing recognition that the Hasidim were not heretics. (Etkes, 2002 p. 75-95)Jacob Katz describes Hassidism as a religious and social movement. It emphasized reaching ecstasy through the performance of the religious rites, and socially it set up a new pattern a group of devoted followers headed by the Zaddik whos claim was charisma, not necessarily scholarship. This community was voluntary. (Katz, 1988 p.76)Works CitedImmanuel Etkes, The Gaon of Vilna The Man and His Image (Berkeley University of calcium Press, 2002), Chapter 5, pp. 151-208.Karlinsky, H. Harishon leshushelet Brisk The founder of the Brisk dynasty. Jerusalem, 1984.Katz, B-. Rabanut, asidut, haskalah The rabbinate, Hasidism, Haskalah. 2 vols. Tel Aviv, 1956.Katz, J. Jewish Civilization as Reflected in the YeshivotJewish Centers of Higher Learning. Journal of World History 10 (1967) 698700.Katz, J. Tradition and Crisis Jewish Society at the End of the Middle Ages. New York, 1993.Krassen, M. A. Devequt and Faith in Zaddiquim. Ph. D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1990.Landau, B. Hagaon heasid miVilna The righteous Gaon of Vilna. Jerusalem, 1965.Marcus, I. G., ed. Dat veevra bemishnatam shel asidei Ashkenaz Religion and society in the doctrine of asidei Ash kenaz. Jerusalem, 1987.Mendelssohn translated the Torah (Pentateuch) into German probably starting in the middle of the 1770s.